Relay.



Patented 1an. 29, |90l. S. G. BROWN.

R E L A Y.

(Application ed Mar. 15, 1899,)

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(No Model.)

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No. 666,954. Patsnied lan. 29,1901.

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RELAY.

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No. 666,954. Patented 1an. 29, |901. S. G. BROWN. RELY.

(Applicltion Med Mu. 15, 1899. (No Model.) 4 .She'ets-Sheet 3.

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no.' 666,954.' Patented 1an. 29, 190|.

S. G. BROWN.

RELAY.

(Application med nur. 15, 1899)' (lo Model.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.v

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,y

SIDNEY GEORGE BROWN, OF BOURNEMOUTH, ENGLAND.

RELAY.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of'Letters Patent N O. 666,954, dated January29, 1901.

Application filed March 15, 1899. Serial No. 709,150. (No model.)

To L7/Z whom, t may concern.-

Be it known that LSIDNEY GEORGE BROWN, electrician, a citizen of theUnited States, residing at Van Buren, Poole road, Bournemouth, in thecounty of Hants, England, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Relays for Use on Telegraph, Cable, and other Lines, ofwhich the following is a specification. A

This invention relates to improvements in relays for use on submarinecable and other telegraph lines.

The unsuitability of ordinary relays arises :f rom the character of thearrival-current from long cable-circuits, especially if worked at fastSiphon-recorder speed, where the signals are read more from theirgeneral outline than from any definite movement of the Siphonarm. It istherefore important that the relay should magnify the arrival-currentsin a continuous manner. v

Now this invention has for its object the continuous amplification ofthe arrival signaling-currents, whereby less-sensitive recordinginstruments may be used and repetition or translation from oneline-section to another may be edected without appreciably reducing thespeed of signaling.

According to this invention I employ the feeble arrival-current from themain line to operate means for inducing a stronger relaycurrent.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readilylcarried into effect, I will now proceed to describe the same fully withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is adiagrammatic view of one arrangement of apparatus according to myinvention in which I employ two suspended coils. Fig. 2 is a diagramshowing a slight modification of the arrangement shown in Fig. l. Fig. 3is a diagram showing an arrangement in which no rectifier is employed inthe relay-circuit. Eig. 4 shows an arrangement of apparatus connected inparallel in which one suspended coil only is used. Eig. 5 shows anarrangement of apparatus connected in series in which one suspended coilonly is used. Fig. 6 shows an arrangement of apparatus in which twostretched wires replace the suspended coils.

Referring to Fig. l, A is a light-wire coil delicately suspended in thefield of an altermating-current magnet d, and B is another light-Wirecoil delicately suspended in the field of a powerful direct-currentelectro or 4permanent magnet b and connected to the coil A by a suitablestrip of insulating inaterial C. The coils A and B are normallysuspended so that their planes are parallel to the north and south linesof their respective magnets and that they are capable of turning ontheir central longitudinal axes.

D is an electric battery, the direct current from which is conducted byWires (l d through a rotating commutator or transformer E, whence it isconducted as an alternating current by Wires a a to excite the magnetct. I preferably insert a condenser K in the alternating-current circuita to neutralize self-induction in the coils of the magnet a.

F E are wires for conducting the induced current from the coil A to arotating commutator or rectifier e, whence it passes as a direct currentto the relay-circuit G G. The commutators E and e are mounted,preferably, on the same spindle, so as to work in step.

H H are the main-line conductors, connected to the coil B.

Referring to Fig. 2, the coils A and B, instead of being suspended onebeneath the other, are placed side by side and connected by two silkcords c c or their equivalent, the arrangement of the apparatus in thiscase being otherwise the same as that shown in Eig. l. I prefer to placethe ends of the cords c c attached tothe coil B farther apart than theopposite ends ofthe said cords, attached to the coil A, in order toobtain as great a movement Aas possible in the coil A.

Under normal conditions the coils A and B remain stationary; but uponthe arrival-current from the main line circulating in the coil B thiscoil is turned out of its plane and being connected to the coil A turnsthe latter coil also out of its plane, so that the magnetic lines offorce from the alternating-current magnet a cut it and induce a voltageproportional to the sine of the angle of deflection. This inducedalternating current passes through the conductors E tothe rectifier c,from whence it passes as a direct current to IOO the relaycurrent-circuit G G. If therefore a siphon recorder or relay orothersuitable instrument or instruments are inserted in thisrelay-circuit, the induced voltage will cause a current to flow whichwill Work such instrument or instruments.

K2 is a condenser which mayor may not be shnnted, with a resistance Rforneutralizing the self-ind uction, if any, in the relay-circuit. If therelay-ci rcuit possessed capacity in place of self-induction, then K2would be replaced by a coil possessing self-induction. K2 and R maybeplaced not where shown, but the other side of the rectifier c, in serieswith the leads F F. By thus altering the value ofthe capacity orself-induction in the outside suspended-coil relay-circuit the suspendedcoil can be iliade to alter its period of vibration. For instance, byadding capacity to the suspended-coil circuit the suspended coil has atendency to twist itself out of the magnetic field, while ifself-induction is added tothe suspended-coil circuit the suspended coilhas a tendency to move in the opposite direction or back into themagnetic iield. lt is therefore essential that the outsidesuspended-coil relay-circuitshould possess the properamount of capacityor self-induction for correct working. In the same way thealternating-current coil A could be made to work more efiiciently `andeffectively when any of the leads F F or G G are short-cireuited bycondensers, resistances, or induction-shunts; but what their valueshould be or where placed entirely depends upon the character ot thereceiving` instrument placed across the leads G G.

Referring to Fig. 3, a similar construction to the foregoing figures ishere shown, B being the coil suspended in the field of thedirect-current magnet b; A, the coil suspended in the field of thealternating-current magnet d; c c, the cords connecting the coils A andB, and H H the main-line conductors connected to the coil B. In thisarrangement, however, the rectifier is dispensed with, theindneed-alternating-current conductors F F being directly connected to athird coil Ait, suspended in the field of an alternating-current magneta. The alternating-enrrent magnets are excited by a transformer or itsequivalent, one of the circuits having a condenser Ki" in circuit. Thearrival-current operates the coils A and B, as previously described, andthe induced current passing4 through the coil A* causes movementstherein which may be employed to operate a pointer and stops or otherinstrument or instruments. The condenser Ki" alters the relativeposition with respect to time of the rise and fall of the magneticfields of the magnets d and di, and thus prevents, as far as possible,any back action of the induced current in the suspended coil of themagnet a* on that of the suspended coil in the magnetic field of themagnet a.

Referring to Fig. 4, a single coil A is suspended in a plane parallel tothe north and south poles of an electromagnet u, excited by afiuctuating direct current produced by a battery D, having in circuit atransformer I, or other suitable means may be employed for producingthis fiuctuating direct current. H H are the main-line conductors, and FF are the induced-alternating-current conductors. e is a rotatingrectifier mounted in the same spindle with a synchronous motor E. G Gare the relay-circuit conductors, and li is an induction-coil. Then thearrival main-line current passes through the coil A, the latter isturned out of its plane, and consequently cut by the fiuctuatingmagnetic lilies of force of the magnet a and an alternating currentthereby induced which passes by the conductors F F, through therectifier e, and thence as a direct current to t-he relay-circuit G G.The coil L resists the alternating induced current and prevents itspassing back to the main line, while at the same time allowing thedirect main-line current to pass. It will be understood that thetransformer Z may be replaced by any other means for producing analternating current-say by means similar to those shown in Fig. l-or analternator may replace l directly, when the rectifier c could forconvenience be coupled directly to the shaft. The battery D may also bereplaced by other means for producing a direct current, such as adynamo. It will be also understood that the suspended coil A may notonly consist of a one-coil circuit, but might also consist of two ormore circuits fastened together in parallel. lf there were two divisionsin the coil A, the current from the lines H H might pass around one ofthese, while the other might be exclusively reserved for therelay-current F F G G.

Referring to Fig. 5, a single coil A is suspended in a plane parallel tothe north and south poles of a f1uctuatiiig-direct-current magnetexcited as described with reference to Fig. t. H H are the main-lineconductors. F F conduct the induced current through the commutator e,and G G is the relay-circuit. E is the synchronous motor. Ll and L2 areinduction-coils. l L3 is an inductive or magnetic shunt. K' and Kgarecondensers. The arrival-currentpassing through the coil A turns it outot' its plane, and an alternating current is induced, as previouslydescribed. This induced alternating current passes by the current F Fthrough the rectifier e and thence as a direct current totherelay-circuit GG. Theinductive shuntLprevents theinduced alternatingcurrent returning directly to earth, but allows the direct main-linecurrent to pass. The arrangement of the condenser K and theinduction-coil L2 enables the induced alternating current to return bythe main-line conductor if L is placed in the line and at the same timeprevents the direct main-line current being short-circuited. 'lhecondenser K2, placed across the leads G G, short-circuits the said leadsand allows alternating currents to pass, while opposing the passage ofdirect currents. Any direct cur- TIO rent that may pass through therectiiier c `from the leads F becomes an alternating current in theleads Gr, and such alternating cu rrent is short-circnited by thecondenser K2 before it can reach instruments placed in therelay-circuit. A-direct current on one side oi. the rectilier e becomesan alternating current on the other side of the said rectifier, and itisobvious thatitis not necessary to ein.- ploy both the condenser Kzandthe inductive shunt L3, although in practice I prefer to do so.Moreover, as in. Fig. l, capacity and selfinduction would be placed inany convenient part oi the circuit. to neutralize any inductive orcapacity effects on the suspended coil A. The induction-coil L' may beplaced in the mai n circuit for the same purpose as in Fig. 4t.

Referring to Fig. G, A and B are Wiresrespectively stretched betweensuitable terminal screws. b may be a permanent magnet, between the polesof which the Wire B passes. II H are the main-linee onductors, and K3 isthe usual receiving-condenser in the mainline circuit. K'L is acondenser to neutralize self-induction in the coils of the magnet ct. u,is an alternating-current electromagnet, between the poles of which thewire A passes. il is a strip of paper or its equivalent connecting thestretched Wires A and B. Z is a transformer or its equivalent, forexciting the electromagnet c. Z2 is a compensating transformer whichmight have been Wound on the alternating electromagnet a and is for thepurpose of preventingr the stretched wire A lfrom inducing any voltagewhen at rest. E is a synchronous motor, and eis a rectifier mounted onthe same spindle. F F are the induced-alternating-current conductors,and G G is the direct-relay-current circuit. When the arrival-currentpasses through the stretched Wire B, situated in the field of the magnetb, it causes the said Wire to move out of its normal position, and asthe Wire Bis connected to the Wire A by the strip t' the wire A willalso move out of its normal position in the lield of thealternating-current magnet a and an alternating current will be inducedwhich passes through the commutatoreto the relay-circuit. The stretchedwires A and B will be seen to merely replace the suspended coils, (shownin Figs. l and2,) and it is obvious that a single stretched Wire may beused in a similar manner to the single-coil, (shown in Figseand 5,) acompensating transformer being general ly requi red to prevent the l. Intelegraphic relay apparatus, an alternating current electroniagnet,means included in the relay-circuit and suspended in the `field of saidmagnet and adapted to be moved by the signaling-currents received from aline or cable so as to induce alternating relay-currents, and means forenabling the said relay currents to operate instruments in therelay-circuit, si'xbstantially as described.

2. In telegraphic relay apparatus an alternating current electromagnet,means included in the relay-circuit and suspended in the iield of saidmagnet and adapted to be moved by signaling-currents received from aline or cable so as to induce alternating relay-currents, and means forconverting said alternating relay-currents into direct currents foroperating instruments in the relaycircuit, substantially as described.

3. In telegraphic relay apparatus, an alternating-currentelectromagnet,aJ condenser for neutralizing self-ind uction in the coilsof said electromagnet, and a coil included in the relay-circuit andsuspended in the field of the alternating-current electromagnet andadapted to be moved by signaling-currents received from a line or cableso as to induce alternating relay-currents, substantially as described.

4t. In telegraphic relay apparatus, an altermating-cu rrent electroniagnet,a condenser for neutralizing self-induction in the coils of saidelectromagnet, a coil included in the relaycircuit and suspended in theiield of the alternating-current electromagnet and adapted to be movedby the signaling-currents from a line or cable, and means for convertingthe alternating currents induced in the coil, When thus removed, intodirect currents for operating instruments in thel relay-circuit,substantially as described.

5. In telegrapliic relay apparatus a coil suspended in the iield of adirect-current magnet and adapted to be moved by the arrivalsignaling-currents from a line, another coil suspended in the field ofan alternating-current magnet and attached to the first-mentioned coilso as to move therewith and t0 induce an alternating relay-current, anda rectifier through which the said alternating induced current passesbefore being led to instruments inl the relay-circuit, substantially asdescribed forthe purpose specified.

6. In telegrapliic relay apparatus, an alternating-current electromagnetmeans included in the relay-circuit and suspended in the field of saidmagnet and adapted to be moved by signaling-currents received from aline or cable so as to induce alternating relay-currents, means forenabling the said relay-currents to operate instruments in therelay-circuit, and means for neutralizing self-induction and capacity inthe relay-circuit, substantially as described, for the purposespecified.

7. In t-elegraphic relay apparatus, an alternating currentelectromagnet, means included in the relay-circuitand suspended in theiield of said magnet and adaptedA to be moved by signaling-currentsreceived from a line or cable so as to induce alternating relaycurrents,a rectifier through which the said relay-currents pass before being ledto instru- IOO IIO

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the coils et the alternating-eurrent magnet, a rectifier for Converting:the induced alterhating` current to a direct current, and means forneutralizing self-induetioil and capacity in the relay-circuit,substantiallyas described for the purpose speeied.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, in presence of twosubscribing witnesses, this 27th day of February, 1899.

SIDNEY GEORGE BROWN.

Witnesses:

F. W. MCLELLAN, WALTER J. SKERTEN.

